div-Wua-eUb-dka-jtuld
dYbx-VK-jDf-lk-ENa VK-jDf-xNa-xk (qK-xhk)
Lfn: tYs-Ek-Ek
VK-jDf-Dp
¦
VK-jDf-xNa-xk
jwoJk-Rbcx-lk-ENa: 23 dm-tK-dof 1997
aK-Wla-rtcs: ja-vP-fk
VK-Ek-dla: 51 thka Woa
jauJl-Dpg: 676,500 dx2
Wckx-rak-jjraha: 75 Woa/dx2
lk-nY-Vka-dks: 26.9 Vp
ek-eK-rak: VK-xka 90% jVia-Ekc-qYf jjSb-nis-xp-rtkn-Woa-jEugl-Cu-ek-eK-rak-Qp. xp-Ekc-WP-e-SNa jjtK xYf-eK-tPx-FI-aca-rahln-raygs.
qk-ek: qk-ek-xNa-xhk (jVia-Dks-dka) jjSb-nis-xp-rtkn-Woa-jcoJk-qk-ek-Eoa-jQogk.
jef-CK-dPf: xNa-xhk lY-fox-eox-vUa-HV-fhcn-jjrtbs-DI-xK-Ekf jjSb-dmg-nis-jVia-VK-jDf-Dpg-DYd-nkd-Dpg-eYf-Ga-dYbx-lk-ENa. Woa-ebca-rtkn-jVia-Ekc-ak-VUd-jwoJk jjSb-xp-Woa-FI-aca-rahln-raygs-jRif-lYf-ek-rK-dI. ePa-Whk-eogs-lld-ebca-Grnb-jjxba aO-xia, dke-DI-xK-Ekf, Hxh, Vk, jqif-qln jjtK dka-EuJ-wkn-Bk-QPf-dof-rxkn-jEiga: ZPga, Bk-vhk.
tkn-Hfh-Smg-Woa: vmg-xp-wmJ-xUa
tkn-Hfh-VNv-DNv-Smg-Woa: $1,100 (ÕÓ)
tK-fiv-tkn-Hfh-VNv-DNv: 209
eI-VK-ePf-FP-ap: vmg-xp-wmJ-xUa
VK-rcif-ekf
RUv-jDPs: Ga-eK-SK-cif-Dp 19 aid-eI-rtcf jjtK qmg-Whk-Ekc-jlp-Tov-Hfh-jfpa-Dks-HV-Dogc-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh. xp-QUh-raygs-Hfh-jjShx-RUv-VK-Ek-Eoa-xNa-xhk jjtK Woa-Dks-qkd-jraul-wls-tkc.
WiJs-raygs-xNa-xhk-jWpn-jVia-VK-jDf-Dpg-eogs-jwoJk-lld-tkn-Grnb-Dpg-eYf-Ga-Ltd. jjSb-VK-FY-via VK-Ek-Eoa-ebca-rtkn-vmg-ek-xkf-VUd-jwoJk-Grh-dYhx-dPa-fhcn-Soa-jls jjtK Wlv-Woc.
jjxb-aO-lp-Tk-cK-fp Hrt-Fkd-Dks-qkd-jrxul-wls-xNa-xhk-xk-Dks-GSh jRif-Grh-jdpf-Dogs-qNs-lia-dchks-Grnb-BUb-FYf-GF-dks; xp-qU-BUb-Dks-Sk-jcia-lld jjtK Sk-jcia-Sod. rtkn-dcbk 10,000 Vp xk-jjthc Dpg-xK-aYf-lk-He-BUb-Dogs-qNs-jjrbs-apJ. jWugls-xu-DI-xK-fk-Dpg-jRif-fhcn-rpa-wls-qcd-jwok-FI-aca-raygs-Hfh-Cud-WoJa-qov jjSb-qcd-jRok-vmg-RUh-rnis-rtkn-dbNc-div-qcd-jwok.
Fkd eK-SK-cif-Dp 1 Rlf 9 Eoa-jQogk-raygs Wu jQogk VK-nY-Hfh-xk-SiJs-CPga-Cka-Ga-qkd-jraul-wls-VK-jDf-xNa-xhk. qcd-jwok-Whk-wkn-div-Fpa jjtK lPa-jfn. VK-FY-via ePgs-Dpg-qcd-jRok-RUh-dbNc-div jQogk-VK-nY-ebca-rtkn-xk-Fkd-via-Dyd-wls-Fpa. jQogk-VK-nY jjDa-Dpg-FK-ehks-SiJs-lk-ak-Fid-Grnb-lia-fNc, qcd-jwok-qif-ehks-aK-Wla-ahln-VK-xka 18 jjrbs jjSb-tK-jjrbs-FK-xp-jFoJk-Vod-Wls-jls jjSb-xp-dka-SPf-Smg-qoc-qia-dia.
Ekc-Fpa-VK-Div-GF-Smg-div-eis-Wox-Dpg-lbla-ahlx-wls-VK-nY. qcd-jwok-vmg-xp-WYd, QUh-dmg-lk-EK-nk-dI-FK-Cud-DYv-Sp jjthc-dmg-Vbln-HV. qcd-jwok-rtpd-tbNs-eos-Wkx. Chk-els-jxuls-vmg-jria-fp-aI-dia qcd-jwok-FK-jRif-dka-jjwbs-wia-dia jjDa-Dpg-FK-jRif-eos-Wkx. VK-Ek-Eoa-xid-aYbs-jWugls-Dpg-xp-ep-eia-RYbs-jjFhs jjtK VK-fiv-VK-fk-fhcn-jqif-qln. Woa-VK-nY-jVia-Ekc-qYf. jfid-ahln Dis-nPs jjtK Ekn FK-jwoJk-vcf-jVia-Foc rtu jjxb-Ep jjthc-HV-jwoJk-LRs-RNa-BUb-cif.
xNa-xhk-Dks-GSh-Cud-SiJs-CPga-Cka Lfn-jQogk-luga-Wu jQogk-xla. Dis-els-wos-jwf-LRx-jwoJk-dia-WiJs-DI-lPf-Ga-eK-SK-cif-Dp 11. jVia-jc-tk 8 eK-SK-cif-Dpg-lk-ak-Fid-apJ-BUb-qkn-GSh-dka-Wcv-WYx-wls-jFoJk-Vod-Wls-euv-jaugls-dia-xk-Skx-tI-fiv.
xNa-xhk xp-Eiv-qK-nk-dla-DI-xK-Ekf-FI-aca-rtcs-rtkn Ga-aiJa tcx-jCPs-Vbk-Hxh-eid jjtK rpa-lia-nK-xK-ap. jxugl-VK-jDf-Dpg-xp-lI-akf-jlp-Tov-nkf-jjnbs-dia-jlok-jxuls-wyJa-Ga-jl-jEn lis-dPf-dmg-xp-Wckx-Shls-dka-xNa-xhk. qcd-jwok-Smg-eUh-Ga-eos-Wkx 3 WiJs jqugl-Byf-jlok-xNa-xhk. Ga-Dpg-eYf qcd-jwok-dmg-jRif-eI-jtif Ga-Vp 1886. lPa-jfn-Hfh-jVia-roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-lis-dPf. figs-aiJa lis-dPf-Fygs-Grh-xNa-xhk-jVia-jjwcs-raygs-wls-lPa-jfn. Woa-Rid-Ekf-Ga-xNa-xhk-Smg-Shka-Wua jjSb-lis-dPf-xp-lk-cYf-Dpg-jwiJx-jjws-dcbk jjtK-ek-xkf-jRif-Grh-dka-Smg-Shka-BYf-SP-tos.
npg-VYba-Byf-Wls-xNa-xhk-jVia-jc-tk-rtkn-Vp tK-rcbks-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ. Ga-Vp 1948 rtis-Fkd-eos-Wkx-e{a-eYf-tos xNa-xhk-dmg-jVia-lPf-eK-tK. Ga-Vp 1990 QUh-aI-Dks-DK-rka VK-SP-jef-Qoa-wls-dka-jtuld-SiJs-Dpg-Zbkn-Whka-jVia-QUh-EK-aK. qcd-jwok-Fiv lls-Eka-EU-Fp QUh-aI-wls-Zbkn-Whka. SiJs-jjSb-aiJa-xk-jef-CK-dPf-wls-xNa-xhk-dmg-lbla-jjl-tos.
VK-jDf-lis-dPf-jwoJk-LFx-Sp-VK-jDf-xNa-xhk-WiJs-DI-lPf-Ga-Vp 1824. qkv-eos-Wkx-whks-jDPs-Hfh-eK-jjfs-Grh-jria-cbk lis-dPf-jVia-Zbkn-EK-aK. lis-dPf-Hfh-Vod-Wls-vks-ebca-wls-xNa-xhk. rtis-Fkd-aiJa dmg-jRif-Grh-VK-jDf-xNa-xhk-lbla-jjl-tos fhcn-dka-jdiv-Wbk-qk-ep-Dpg-eUs. lis-dPf-Hfh-jRif-dka-LFx-Sp-lpd-Sugx-els-WiJs, Ga-Vp 1884, VK-jDf-xNa-xhk-Dis-rxof-dmg-Sod-jVia-roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-lis-dPf.
SK-rtkf-Ga-xNa-xhk-eK-Hrx-dbla
RUv-qkv-apJ-Cbkn-Ga-Vp 1921 Lfn-aid-wbkc-ck-tK-eka-jjrbs-raygs-Ga-eK-rK-tif. xia-eK-jjfs-Grh-jria-SK-rtkf-Ga-VK-jDf-xNa-xhk. xp-jjxb-nPs-vks-Woa-xk-Fkd-jQogk-Eka (Óèáî ôòéâå). qcd-jwok-FK-ecx-Geb-Vld-Wm-Dpg-jRif-fhcn-Dls-jrtuls SiJs-jjSb-nis-ahln. ald-aiJa qcd-jwok-nis-Geb-Skx-wmJ-xu jjtK wmJ-Spa. aid-wbkc-dbkc-cbk jxugl-eK-jtbn-jjthc-nPs-Woa-raygs-lkf-FK-jjvd-aO-raid-Fkd-jWugls-VK-fiv-jrtogk-apJ-jCPs 20 rtu 25 dP-Lt jjtK qcd-aks-Shls-ecx-Geb-jWugls-VK-fiv-apJ-SK-rtlf: Dis-Ga-wK-aK-Dpg-dI-tis-jRif-cNd-BUb-Ga-Dogs-ak, HV-Sid-aO rtu wkn-jWugls-BUb-SK-rtkf.
ek-eK-rak
VK-Ek-Eoa-ebca-Grnb-Ga-xNa-xhk-jEugl-Cu-Ga-ek-eK-rak-qYf jjtK xp-Woa-raYbx-rtkn-Woa-Hfh-vcf-jwoJk-jVia-qK-eos. figs-Dpg-jria-Ga-qkv-apJ-jjxba-qK-Dkf-eK-jc-fk-dla jEPgs-jVia-qK-Dkf-Dpg-xp-Eug-eNs-Dpg-eYf-Ga-VK-jDf-xNa-xhk. Skx-SI-aka-qYf-DK-ek-eK-rak qK-Dkf-apJ-ehks-wyJa-Ga-Ebcs-Dpg-qK-qYf-DK-jFoJk-nis-Eos-qK-Eoa-BUb Smg-xk-dmg-Hfh-xp-dka-vU-tK-aK-Wua-Grxb-lpd-rtkn-jDugl.
lk-rka
lk-rka-VK-FI-Ekf-wls-xNa-xhk-jjxba-jjds-rxpg-Dpg-jlpJa-cbk Lx-RPa-dk. lk-rka-apJ-VK-dlv-xp-jeiJa-rxpg, Vk-fYd, jwoJk-vof, Qid-DNx, roc-ep-GW, Vk-jjfd jjtK wps.
rif-CK-dI-SX-jjQba
dka-SX-Qhk-Hrx-Dpg-xp-ep-eia-SbksA-jjxba-ska-rif-CK-dI-raygs-Dpg-xp-Wckx-eI-Wia-Ga-xNa-xhk Wu-dia-div-VK-jDf-tkc.
aP-Dka-wls-xNa-xhk
fis-Dpg-eK-rtkf-wls-dK-Sbkn
Ga-Vbk-jjrbs-raygs-xp-qK-nk-ePs-Dpg-Ebks-Fif-dka-Soa-raygs-lk-He-BUb. qK-nk-ePs-Hfh-jjSbs-SiJs rxp, tps jjtK dK-Sbkn-jVia-wYa-aks-Grnb-Grh-jjdb-Soa jqugl-Ebcn-dia-Vod-Wls-lk-ak-Fid jjtK-qcd-jwok-dmg-Rbcx-dia-Vod-Wls-lk-ak-Fid-jjrbs-Qua-Vbk-jVia-Bbks-fp. BUb-xk-cia-raygs-ePs-jdpf-Wckx-jvugl-rabkn-Smg-qcd-wYa-aks-wls-Soa-jls-Bbks-vmg-xp-jrf-Qoa. xia-Shls-dka-whk-dPa-qcd-jwok. jjac-Gf-dmg-Skx-Ga-Ck-aK-Dpg-qcd-jwok-jVia-wYa-aks-wls-tkc tkc-Fygs-FI-Shls-WPf-wmJ-dbkc-rk-lia-Gf-lia-raygs jqugl-jVia-wmJ-lhks-Ga-dka-dI-Fif-eif-jrtogk-aiJa jjtK-jqugl-Grh-DYd-Bbks-jvPgs-Wu-cbk-Cudcbk-Wca.
figs-aiJa tk-Ek-ePs-Fygs-jlpJa-wYa-aks-wls-tkc-xk jjthc-jcoJk-div-qcd-jwok, “wYa-aks-wls-whln-jlpn fNc-apJ qcd-jFoJk-dmg-Hfh-VK-dlv-ebca-Ga-dka-Vod-Wls-lk-ak-Fid-Qua-Vbk-jjrbs-apJ-xk-foa-qm-eox-Wca-jjthc jjtK-Sla-apJ xia-jVia-Wckx-FI-jVia-wls-whln-Dpg-FK-Shls-dcf-elv-jvPgs-cbk-SI-jjrabs-Grnb-Hfh-jRif-Grh-qcd-jFoJk-jen-QUh-jen-Woa-HV-jjthc-vm.”
Fkd-aiJa ePs-dmg-lhk-Vkd-dchks jjthc-vld-Grh-rxp-Slv-Soa-jls-cbk dPga-Dpg-lld-xk-Fkd-Vkd-wls-Soa-aiJa-jjxba-dPga-rnis. nhla-ePs-jVia-eif-dPa-jauJl-Dpg-Rhkn-dkf Lfn-DI-xK-Ekf-jjthc-dPga-jrxia-FK-lld-xk-Fkd-Vkd-wls-xia.
rxp-Slv-HV-Skx-Wckx-FPs, “RNa-Dbka xK-rk-Tk-Ek xia-jjxba-dPga-jrxia.”
“jFoJk-dK-vof,” ePs-Rhls-WI-tkx-wyJa-fhcn-Wckx-GF-Rhkn. “jFoJk-dhk-fbk-dK-eif-wls-jFoJk-Smg-rahk-Smg-Sk-qYha-rc½k. LDf-eI-tiv-dK-vof-xp-jjSb-Skn-tUd-fNc.” jcoJk-figs-aiJa tkc-dmg-Lff-wyJa-WYv-rxp jjthc-whk-rxp-Dia-Dp.
vif-apJ-dmg-jVia-ZNa-wls-tps. ePs-vld-Grh-tps-Slv-Soa-cbk dPga-Fkd-Vkd-wls-Soa-jjxba-dPga-rnis. lhkn-tps-jxugl-Hfh-jria-EK-Sk-dI-wls-rxp Fygs-WPf-cbk xp-Dks-fNc-Dpg-FK-tlf-Ep-cPf-Hfh-dmg-Wu xp-jjSb-nlx-Riv-cbk lia-Gf-dmg-fp-rxof jjthc-xia-Fygs-jcoJk, “RNa-Dbka xK-rk-Tk-Ek xia-jjxba-dPga-Dpg-rlx-rca figs-dPga-aO-rlx-EiJa-jtpf.”
“wpJ-SocK jjtK VK-Fov-VK-jjFs-Dpg-eYf,” ePs-Rhls-WI-tkx-wyJa-fhcn-Wckx-GF-Rhkn. “GQA-dmg-RUh-cbk xp-jjSb-dPga-jrxia-jDogk-aiJa-jjrtK-Dpg-lld-xk-Fkd-Vkd-wls-jRok jqkK-jRok-jVia-eif-dPa-jauJl. dka-Grh-WI-jria-Dpg-wpJ-SocK jjtK VK-Fov-VK-jjFs-Smg-dK-eif-jVia-lia-SK-tkn-Smg-vhka-jxuls.” jcoJk-jjac-aiJa tkc-dmg-Lff-WYv-tps jjtK whk-tps-jen.
Ga-Dpg-eYf dmg-nis-jrtul-qNs-jjSb-dK-Sbkn-Dpg-jZoJk-jvPgs-jrf-dka-BUb. vif-apJ ePs-dmg-rtNc-xk-jcoJk-div-dK-Sbkn “dK-Sbkn-QUhdchks-wcks! dPga-rnis-Dpg-lld-xk-Fkd-Vkd-wls-jRok?”
“QUh-whk-wm-VK-Dka-lK-Hq whk-jjfb-xK-rk-tk-Ek,” dK-Sbkn-Slv, “whk-ahln-jVia-rcif jjtK-fis-dmg-Sia. Grh-whk-ahln-wm-div-jxul-jRula jqugl-qid-Qbla Foa-dcbk-Hwh-rcif-rkn-fp-dbla-FK-Hfh-vm? jxugl-rkn-fp-jjthc whk-ahln-Fygs-FK-ek-xkf-GEh-fis-wls-whk-ahln-vld-Hfh-cbk jjxba-dPga-rnis-jjDh-Dpg-lld-xk-Fkd-Vkd-wls-qK-los.”
jxugl-nPa-jjac-aiJa ePs-dmg-vmg-xp-Dks-jtuld Fygs-Vbln-Grh-dK-Sbkn-div-vhka-HV. ebca-dK-Sbkn-dmg-div-vhka-HV jjtK-vmg-rca-Wua-xk-BUb-Gdh-div-ePs-lpd-jtpn.
DYd-xuJ-apJ Ga-VK-jDf-xNa-xhk Chk-Woa-Gf-Woa-raygs-tK-cis rtu vmg-dhk Ga-dka-lld-Wckx-WPf-jria, qcd-jwok-FK-jcoJk-cbk tkc-jVia-rcif.