div-Wua-eUb-dka-jtuld

  

dYbx-VK-jDf-lk-ENa

Lfn: tYs-Ek-Ek

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WI-aI

roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-jlp-Tov

Qbka-jdulv-SK-rtlf-Ht-nK-VK-rcif-ekf-wls-Ltd jlp-Tov Hfh-xp-dka-qif-DK-ak-rahln-dcbk-jl-jEn. Ga-eK-SK-cif-Dp 15· jlp-Tov Hfh-xp-dka-qif-DK-ak-rtkn-dcbk-jl-jEn. dka-qPx-jjvv-Grxb-Hfh-jqpgx-DK-cp-dka-jQpn-jjQb-Wckx-RUh-Ga-jlp-Tov. jDid-La-Lt-Bp-Grxb-Hfh-jRif-Grh-Woa-jlp-Tov-xp-lk-cYf-Dpg-Rhkn-jjRs-wyJa jRif-Grh-dls-Div-vod jjtK dls-Div-jRul-jlp-Tov jwiJx-jjws-Dpg-eYf-Ga-Ltd.

Ekc-Whk-wkn-Woa-jlp-Tov-Shls-dka-Wckx-Rigs-xp-rtkn-wyJa jjtK cP-Dp-Dks-Dpg-FK-Hfh-xk-Hc-Dpg-eYf jjxba-dka-jlok-ePgs-SbksA-Fkd-VK-jDf-lugaA-xk-jVia-wls-Soa. qcd-jwok-Fiv-jlok-Woa-QPc-fI-xk-Fkd-lk-zTP-dk jjtK-jlok-HV-wkn-jVia-Woa-jRif-cNd-jjvv-whk-Dkf-Ga-lk-jx-TP-dk rtu jlp-Tov. VK-jDf-Dpg-jVia-xK-rk-lI-akf-Ga-jlp-Tov-jjwbs-wia-dia-Byf-jlok-VK-jDf-luga-Dpg-qcd-jwok-jlpJa-cbk “roc-jxuls-wyJa”, Ga-jl-jEn, lk-zTP-dk jjtK lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh.

ZTigs-Byf-tkc, dI-VU-jFn jjtK rcNf-akx. lis-dPf-Hfh-Byf-jlok-ebca-rtkn-wls-lk-jx-TP-dk-jraul, lof-eK-STk-tp, lPa-jfn tcx-Dis xNa-xhk jjtK-qkd-ebca-lugaA-Ga-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh. LRa-tis Byf-lPa-Lf-ja-jEn. jjlif-eK-Vkn Byf-jlok-jdulv-Dis-rxof-wls-lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh. Vld-SYn-dka Byf lk-jx-TP-dk-GSh-FI-aca-raygs jjtK jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh-FI-aca-raygs.

via-fk-VK-jDf-Ga-jlp-Tov-jdulv-Dis-rxof-Rid-ek-roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-qcd-jwok-Hch-jVia-jc-tk 1 rtu 2 eK-SK-cif. via-fk-jxuls-wyJa-eK-rals-cif-CY-fPv jEiga: WI, jrtid, aO-xia. qcd-jwok-eK-rals-quf-Qoa jEiga: jWugls-jDf, Ek, dk-jz, Bks jjtK Zhkn. via-fk-jxuls-wyJa-Fbkn-qk-ep-Grh-VK-jDf-jlp-Tov jjtK eK-rals-jjRs-ska-Dpg-tk-Wk-SX jjtK vks-WiJs-dmg-eK-rals-jjRs-ska-jjvv-Dkf-Riv-GEh.

rtis-Fkd-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp 1 Ga-Vp 1918 npg-VYba-Shls-dka-wK-rnkn-lk-ak-jwf. qcd-jwok-Shls-dka-Dpg-fPa, Eiv-qK-nk-dla-DI-xK-Ekf, Lfn-eK-jqkK-jjxba-Cbka-rpa jjtK jrtid-jqpgx. npg-VYba-jtpgx-SoJa-dka-RYd-Rka jjtK Byf rtkn-roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-jlp-Tov; Ga-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh. Rlf-Ht-nK-dks-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ Ga Vp 1942 npg-VYba-Hfh-Wcv-WYx-jdulv-Dis-rxof-wls-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh.

eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ jVia-jc-tk-Dpg-Lrf-Rhkn-Ga-jlp-Tov dmg-Wu jl-jEn. jBn-tK-xia RYd-Rka-LRa-tis, jjva-EPd, ZTigs jjtK Hfh-jRif-Grh-VK-jDf-jrtogk-aiJa-dkn-jVia-roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-jBn-tK-xia. lis-dPf-Smg-eUh-jqugl-Wckx-BUb-tlf-wls-Soa-jls. VK-Ek-Eoa-Ga-VK-jDf-jrtogk-apJ-WNf-jjWha-cbk jBn-tK-xia-Shls-dka-FK-Vod-Wls-qcd-jwok.

Vp 1945 npg-VYba-jen-HE-Ga-eos-Wkx. via-fk-VK-jDf-jlp-Tov qK-nk-nkx-jlok-roc-jxuls-wyJa-wls-Soa-Ga-jl-jEn-Wua-xk. qcd-jwok-vmg-Shls-dka-Grh jBn-tK-xia Vod-Wls-qcd-jwok; jjSb-qcd-jwok-RUh-eyd-cbk-xia-FK-jVia-dka-fp-Chk-Hfh-Vod-Wls-via-fk-VK-jDf-Ga-jl-jEn jEPgs-jVia-fPa-jjfa-lpd-jWPgs-Ltd-Dpg-rbks-lld-HV.

jjSb-qcd-jwok-jRif-vmg-eI-jtif. VK-Ek-Eoa-Ga-lK-fpf-roc-jxuls-wyJa-jrtogk-apJ-Shls-dka-jVia-lPf-eK-tK. QUh-Woa-Ga-Dogc-Ltd-jtpgx-SoJa-SiJs-WI-Ckx-cbk jVia-rnis-VK-jDf-raygs-Fygs-ek-xkf-Vod-Wls-lpd-VK-jDf-raygs. los-dka-eK-rK-VK-Ek-Ekf jEPgs-jVia-los-dka-Grxb-wls-Ltd-Dpg-Cud-dmg-SiJs-wyJa-jxugl-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ e{a-eYf-tos jqugl-xk-jRif-cNd-Rid-ek-eia-SP-qkv-eK-raiv-eK-raUa-Wckx-jVia-lPf-eK-tK-qkv-wls-lK-fpf-jxuls-wyJa. Fkd-Vp 1945+1970 rtkn-dcbk 50 VK-jDf-Ga-lk-zTP-dk jjtK jl-jEn Hfh-Riv-lPf-eK-tK-qkv. VK-jDf-jrtogk-aiJa tcx-xp-VK-jDf-Ga-lk-ENa-ebca-rtkn.

dka-dI-japf-lk-ENa (ÁÓÅÁÎ)

via-fk-QUh-aI-Ga-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh-Hfh-RUh-vof-RNa-Dpg-eI-Wia-Fkd-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ. dbla-Dpg-FK-xp-eos-Wkx-aiJa via-fk-VK-jDf-ahlnA-jEiga VK-jDf-LV-Ltn Hfh-jEia-wmJ-Sod-tos-Rbcx-div-VK-jDf-Dpg-xp-lI-akf-dcbk-Soa-jEiga VK-jDf-ZTigs jjtK VK-jDf-lis-dPf jqugl-Grh-Ebcn-Vod-Vhls-jEPgs-dia jjtK dia. jjSb-jxugl-zk-EPf-jBn-tK-xia-vYd-tYd-VK-jDf LV-Ltn, ZTigs jjtK lis-dPf-div-vmg-Hfh-jRif-rnis-jqugl-Ebcn-qia-DK-xPf-wls-Soa-jtpn. via-fk-VK-jDf-Ga-jjCv-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh-Fygs-Riv-RUh-Dia-Dp-cbk qcd-Soa-vmg-ek-xkf-jqPgs-lk-He-dka-Vod-Vhls-Fkd-WUb-Rbcx-qia-DK-xPf-GrnbA-jrtogk-apJ-Hfh. qcd-jwok-FK-Shls-jRif-cNd-Rbcx-dia jqugl-Vod-Vhls-ePf-Qoa-VK-Lrnf-wls-Soa.

dka-dK-DI-SbksA-wls-VK-jDf-raygs ek-xkf-Ebcn rtu jRif-Grh-VK-jDf-luga-jfulf-Rhla-Hfh-Wu-dia. Vp 2006 VK-jDf-lPa-Lf-ja-jEn Hfh-xp-jrf-lid-Wp-Hq-Dks-dka-dK-jef-Foa-vmg-ek-xkf-Wcv-WYx-Hfh lia-jRif-Grh-jdpf-xp-dYbx-Wcia-Grnb-xK-ry-xk. via-rk-eK-qkv-jjcf-thlx-jjvv-apJ jjxba-vmg-ek-xkf-jjdh-Hw-Hfh-qNs-jjSb-VK-jDf-fNc; xia-Hfh-RNd-Rhls-Grh-xp-dka-Rbcx-xu-dia-tK-rcbks-VK-jDf-SbksA.

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qkd-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-jraul-wls-VK-jDf-xk-jt-jEn lia-jVia-Dpg-RUh-Fid-dia-jjxba-qU-jwok Ek-vk. VK-jDf-zp-tPv-VPa-dmg-Hfh-lhks-ePf-jVia-jFoJk-wls-Ga-jwf-qU-jwok-apJ-jEiga-dia. wmJ-wif-jjnbs-tK-rcbks-els-VK-jDf-apJ-Hfh-aI-HV-eUb-Wckx-EYf-LEx-wls-eK-xk-Wox-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh (ÁÓÁ). Smg-xk-Hfh-xp-los-dka-Grxb-wyJa-xk-jjDa-jlpJa-cbk: lk-ENa (ÁÓÅÁÎ) rtu xp-Eug-jSix-cbk eK-xk-Wox-VK-Ek-Ekf-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh.

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dYbx-jef-CK-dPf-jlp-Tov (Åõòïðåáî Åãïîïíéã Ãïííõîéôù) jEPgs-Hfh-Riv-dka-jjSbs-SiJs-wyJa-Ga-Vp 1957 lia-jVia-jjvv-Bbks-Dpg-fp-Grh-jjdb-via-fk-QUh-aI-lk-ENa. Ga-Vp 1961 zp-tPv-VPa, xk-jt-jEn jjtK HD Hfh-Rbcx-dia-Fif-SiJs-eK-xk-Wox-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh (ÁÓÁ). jjSb-Smg-xk-lpd-vmg-foa VK-jDf-xk-jt-jEn jjtK zp-tPv-VPa-div-xp-wmJ-wif-jjnbs-dia-jtugls-ePf-Wlv-Wls-Dks-jraul-Ek-vk jEPgs-SiJs-BUb-Dks-qkd-jraul-wls-jdkK-vm-ap-Ll. lis-dPf Hfh-eogs-jRul-Rov-HV-eK-raiv-eK-raUa-xk-jt-jEn. Zbkn-zp-tPv-VPa-dmg-Hfh-Riv-dka-eK-raiv-eK-raUa-Fkd-lPa-Lf-ja-jEn. eK-xk-Wox-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh-dmg-nis-vmg-ek-xkf-jjdh-Hw-wmJ-wif-jjnbs-apJ-Hfh jjtK Smg-xk-lpd-vmg-foa eK-xk-Wox-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh dmg-Cud-tux.

lPa-Lf-ja-jEn jVia-VK-jDf-Grnb-Dpg-eYf-Ga-wos-jwf-aiJa. VK-jDf-lugaA-RUh-fp-cbk vmg-xp-los-dka-Fif-SiJs-GfA-FK-Hfh-Riv-Qoa-fp Chk-lPa-Lf-ja-jEn vmg-Hfh-jVia-eK-xk-EPd-Ga-los-dka-Fif-SiJs-aiJa. eK-xk-EPd-Dis-ekx-wls-eK-xk-Wox-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh Fygs-Hfh-qov-div-via-fk-QUh-aI-Fkd-VK-jDf-lPa-Lf-ja-jEn jjtK ePs-dK-LV jqugl-Llh-tox-dia jjtK ehks-los-dka-Fif-SiJs-Grxb-wyJa Ga-cia-Dp 8 jfula ePs-rk Vp 1967 Ga-dls-VK-EYx-Dpg-vks-dld-VK-jDf-HD jEPgs-jVia-SoJa-dI-japf-wls lk-ENa.

RUv-Cbkn-apJ jjxba-DK-rka-zp-tPv-VPa dI-tis-Zyd-jqugl-dka-eUh-Rov. epg-VK-jDf-lk-ENa (zp-tPv-VPa, xk-jt-jEn, vTU-Ha jjtK rcNf-akx) lhlx-thlx-DK-jt-Fpa-GSh jEPgs-SPf-div-Fpa jjtK HSh-rcia. qcd-jwok-Dis-rxof-Sbks-dmg-lhks-ePf-jVia-jFoJk-wls-Ga-fPa-jjfa-jjrbs-aiJa, vks-WiJs dmg-eUh-Rov-dia. lk-ENa jVia-los-dka-Dpg-eI-Wia Dpg-FK-Ebcn-Grh-tif-CK-vka-jrtogk-aiJa-jjdh-Hw-via-rk-Lfn-eia-SP-cP-Dp jqugl-vmg-Grh-xp-dka-eogs-DK-rka-HV-eUh-Rov-dia figs-DK-rka-raYbx-zp-tPv-VPa-Ga-RUv-apJ.

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via-fk-QUh-aI-Fkd-Dis-rhk-VK-jDf-Hfh-Sod-tos-dia-cbk los-dka-Fif-SiJs-Grxb-apJ-FK-vmg-xp-wmJ-QUd-qia-dia-Dks-dka-DK-rka. jVoJk-rxkn-wls-qcd-jwok-xp-Wu:

1. jqugl-Vod-Vhls-eia-SP-qkv jjtK Wckx-rxiJa-Wos-Ga-wos-jwf.

2. jqugl-eogs-jepx-dka-FK-jtpa-jSpv-LS-fhka-jef-CK-dPf jjtK eis-Wox.

3. jqugl-eK-rals-Ll-dkf-Grh-jjdb-dYbx-VK-jDf-eK-xk-EPd-Ga-dka-jjdh-Hw-via-rk-SbksA-Bbks-eia-SP.

Ga 16 Vp-DI-lPf lk-ENa xp-eK-xk-EPd-qNs-jjSb 5 VK-jDf. VK-jDf-vTU-Ha Hfh-Riv-jl-dK-tkf-Ga-Vp 1984 jjthc-dmg-Hfh-jwoJk-jVia-eK-xk-EPd-Dia-Dp. lpd-ePv-jlif-Vp-Smg-xk, rcNf-akx dmg-Hfh-jwoJk-jVia-eK-xk-EPd. VK-jDf-tkc jjtK xNa-xhk Hfh-jwoJk-jVia-eK-xk-EPd-Ga-Vp 1997 jjtK VK-jDf-dI-VU-jFn-jjxba-Vp 1999. VK-jDf Sp-xm dmg-Bkd-jwoJk-jVia-eK-xk-EPd-aI jEPgs-lkf-FK-jVia-Sla-Gf-raygs-Ga-lK-ak-Wof.

eK-rK-qia-jlp-Tov

lof-eK-STk-tp-jjxba-DK-cpv-raygs jjtK jVia-VK-jDf-fNc. lk-jx-TP-dk-jraul-dmg-jjxba-DK-cpv-raygs jjtK xp-ekx-VK-jDf-Grnb-Hfh-jjdb dk-ak-fk, eK-rK-tif jjtK jxid-EPd. DK-cpv-jlp-Tov-div-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh-jjxba-Sbks-dia. jjSb-tK-wos-jwf-jjxba-VK-dlv-HV-fhcn-rtkn-VK-jDf.

eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ jjxba-jtpgx-dmg-LS-wyJa-Ga-DK-cpv-jlp-Tov jxugl-VK-jDf-SbksA-vmg-ek-xkf-jjdh-via-rk-wls-Soa-Hfh-fhcn-eia-SP-cP-Dp. rtis-Fkd-eos-Wkx-e{a-eYf-tos, via-fk-QUh-aI-Ga-jlp-Tov-Hfh-Sod-tos-Dpg-FK-jRif-cNd-Rbcx-dia. rod-VK-jDf-Ga-jlp-Tov-apJ-tcx-xp-ZTigs, jBn-tK-xia jjtK lis-dPf, Hfh-Fif-SiJs-dYbx-jef-CK-dPf-jlp-Tov-wyJa (ÅÅÃ) Ga-Vp 1957. Smg-xk-lpd-vmg-foa, VK-jDf-lugaA-dmg-jwoJk-xk-Rbcx-aI.

dYbx-jef-CK-dPf-jlp-Tov Hfh-jRif-Grh-dka-Whk-tK-rcbks-VK-jDf-Ga-jlp-Tov-xp-Wckx-eK-fcd-eK-vkn-rtkn-wyJa. ald-Fkd-apJ dYbx-jef-CK-dPf-jlp-Tov nis-Hfh-cks-jjac-Dks-Ga-dka-jjdh-Hw-via-rk-Lfn-Vk-eK-Fkd-eos-Wkx.

Ga-Vp 1993 dYbx-jef-CK-dPf-jlp-Tov Hfh-dkn-jVia-eK-rK-qia-jlp-Tov (ÅÕ). jjSb-tK-VK-jDf-FK-xp-tif-CK-vka-Vod-Wls-jVia-wls-Soa-jls, jjSb-Shls-Fif-Grh-xp-eK-qk-QUh-jjDa-jlp-Tov-Ga-aiJa-fhcn Lfn-Grh-Qbka-dof-rxkn-SbksA-Dpg-eK-xk-EPd-Dis-rxof-Shls-VK-SP-vif-Skx. Vif-FY-via eK-rK-qia-jlp-Tov-xp-eK-xk-EPd-Dis-rxof 27 VK-jDf.

los-dka-Fif-SiJs-Gf-dmg-Skx rkd-dmg-SiJs-wyJa-Lfn-xp-rtkn-VK-jDf Dpg-xp-cif-DK-aK-DI, jVoJk-rxkn jjtK Wckx-Shls-dka-Sbks-dia, nblx-Shls-xp-via-rk-rnYhs-nkd. jjSb-Lfn-Dogc-HV-jjthc dYbx-jef-CK-dPf-jlp-Tov jjtK lp-BU (ÅÕ) jjxba-Cu-cbk-VK-eov-Wckx-eI-jtif-fp. eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ Hfh-jtpgx-wyJa-Ga-DK-cpv-jlp-Tov rtis-Fkd-Dpg-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp É Hfh-e{a-eYf-tos-qNs-jjSb 21 Vp-jDogk-aiJa. VK-FY-via aiv-SiJs-jjSb-xuJ-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WiJs-Dp ÉÉ e{a-eYf-tos dmg-aiv-cbk-Hfh 65 dcbk-Vp-jjthc, jjSb-VK-jDf-SbksA-Ga-jlp-Tov-dmg-nis-xp-dka-FK-jtpa-jSpv-LS-wyJa-Bbks-jwiJx-jjws-Rbcx-dia.

Smg-HV -VK-jDf-Dp 1